![]() ![]() ![]() Likewise, studies on the production of bioplastics using microalgae as an alternative to the use of petroleum-derived polymers have been reported. ![]() They are also used to produce biofuels, such as biocrude oil, biodiesel, biogas, and hydrogen. For example, compounds with antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities, including carotenoids, polysaccharides, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and peptides, have been extracted from different species of microalgae. In addition, these microorganisms are capable of generating added-value products of interest to the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, chemical and nutraceutical industries. Īmong the different technologies for capturing CO 2, there are microalgae, which are photosynthetic microorganisms that can naturally fix CO 2 from 10 to 50 times that of terrestrial plants to produce O 2. Hence, it is necessary that, through bureaucratic processes, policymakers join efforts to help reduce the environmental problem of CO 2 emissions. It is known that drastic climate change affects the economic growth of the world, manifesting in adverse effects in different sectors such as agriculture, with a reduction in agricultural productivity, sanctions and restrictions on industries due to the high carbon footprint, and interruptions in tourism activities. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) reveals that 91% of geophysical disasters are caused by climate change, and according to The Economist Intelligence Unit of the United States, it is estimated that, if adequate measures are not taken to combat this problem, climate effects can cost the world 7.9 trillion dollars and cause the world economy to lose 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2050. Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that seven million deaths a year are the product of environmental pollution arising from GHGs, and it is predicted that these deaths may amount to up to nine million in 2060 if the growing trend in CO 2 and GHG emissions continues. Alarming data published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in March 2021 report that, although there was a decrease of approximately 2000 million tons in 2020, emissions are increasing with greater intensity compared with the past several years, as the different economies struggle to recover after the crisis generated by COVID-19. The excessive release of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) (approximately 75% of greenhouse gases GHG) in the last two centuries have aroused the attention of all countries, due to the serious threat they represent to the environment and human health. Additionally, it was possible to establish the different cooperation networks between countries, which showed interactions in the search to reduce CO 2 concentrations through microalgae. Technological advances in the use of microalgal biomass were also identified. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of research on CO 2 capture with microalgae, for which bibliometric analysis was used to establish the trends of the subject in terms of scientometric parameters. Despite the advantages that microalgae may present, there are still technical–economic challenges that limit industrial-scale commercialization and the use of biomass in the production of added-value compounds. These are defined as photosynthetic microorganisms that use CO 2 and sunlight to obtain oxygen (O 2) and generate value-added products such as biofuels, among others. Among the potential systems for CO 2 capture are microalgae. Therefore, sustainable strategies are required to reduce the negative impact that occurs. CO 2 emissions represent penalties and restrictions due to the high carbon footprint. The alarming levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2) are an environmental problem that affects the economic growth of the world. ![]()
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